How Debilitating Is Complex PTSD

How Debilitating Is Complex PTSD PTSD Print What Is Complex PTSD? By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 02, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Jamie Grill / Getty Images First recognized as a condition that affects war veterans, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be caused by any number of traumatic events, such as a car accident, natural disaster, near-death experience, or other isolated acts of violence or abuse.  When the underlying trauma is severe and repetitive, however, some mental health professionals make a distinction between PTSD and another form known as complex PTSD (C-PTSD). C-PTSD vs. PTSD While PTSD can develop in response to short-term exposure to a single traumatic event, C-PTSD only occurs when someone has experienced severe, repetitive trauma over a long period of time. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has recognized PTSD as a diagnosis since its third edition, but C-PTSD is not yet mentioned as a separate disorder. Even so, many mental health professionals have started to distinguish between the two conditions. In 2018, the World Health Organization made the decision to include C-PTSD as its own separate diagnosis in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11).?? Symptoms According to the ICD-11, in addition to experiencing all of the core symptoms of PTSD, people with C-PTSD may also experience: Difficulty Controlling Emotions: You may experience an emotional flashback. This is when you have intense feelings that you originally felt during the trauma, such as fear, shame, or sadness. You may also experience severe depression, thoughts of suicide, or have difficulty controlling your anger.Detachment from Trauma (Dissociation): Dissociation is the minds way of coping with an intensely traumatic experience. Those who experience dissociation may feel detached from their surroundings, their actions, and their body. They may experience gaps in their memory surrounding the original trauma or an everyday task that reminds them of the trauma they experienced.Changes in Self-Perception Complex PTSD can cause a person to view themselves in a negative light. This negative self-image can include feeling as if they are different from other people and feelings of helplessness, guilt, or shame.Preoccupation With PerpetratorIt is not uncommon for people with C-PTSD to become fixated on their abuser. This can include becoming obsessed with the abuser, dissecting their relationship with the abuser, and becoming preoccupied with revenge.Difficulty with Personal RelationshipsSomeone with C-PTSD may develop unhealthy relationships because they find it difficult to interact with and trust others. Note that this is unique from borderline personality disorder (BPD) in that a person with C-PTSD often alienates themselves, as opposed to people with BPD who engage in unstable relationships that are often volatile.Changes in Beliefs People exposed to chronic or repeated traumatic events may lose faith in humanity and previously held beliefs. Causes The traumatic events connected to C-PTSD are long-lasting and generally involve some form of physical or emotional captivity. Some examples of ongoing trauma that can cause C-PTSD include: Childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuseDomestic violenceHuman trafficking or forced prostitutionCaptivity Living in crisis conditions or war zones In these types of events, a victim is under the control of another person and does not have the ability to easily escape. Treatment Despite the complexity and severity of the disorder, C-PTSD can be treated with many of the same strategies as PTSD. But as experts continue to study C-PTSD, there is scientific research that supports a unique phase-based treatment approach.?? This treatment approach entails three phases: Reducing symptoms (i.e., through the use of medication) and improving self-management skillsReviewing and processing traumatic memoriesTransitioning out of therapy and engaging in community life C-PTSD can be a debilitating condition, but there are effective therapies available to address the chronicity and complexity of a persons past trauma.   If you or someone you care about has been exposed to repeated trauma and are struggling to cope, its important to seek help from a therapist who is familiar with PTSD. In addition to asking your primary care physician for a referral, there are many online resources that can help you find mental health providers in your area who treat PTSD.

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 1485 Words

The Connectivity of Death Death is inevitable. However, death arrives to people at different stages of their lives. Death is one thing that all people have in common; even books are connected because of the different deaths occurring in them. In S.E. Hinton’s The Outsiders, there are three major deaths occurring in the novel: Bob, Johnny, and Dally. Similarly, in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, there are also three major deaths: Candy’s dog, Curley’s wife, and Lennie. The Outsiders is a story depicting the life of Ponyboy Curtis, who is struggling to find his place in the world while battling the rival group, the Socs. Of Mice and Men is a story of two migrant workers, George and Lennie, who are bound together and share the dream of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I had to. They were drowning you, Pony. They might have killed you. And they had a blade...they were gonna beat me up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 57 Outsiders) Johnny and Ponyboy flee from town after Johnny commits murder, leading to Johnny’s. Johnny and Ponyboy hide in an abandoned church in Windrixville for 5 days, entertaining themselves by playing poker, reading, and smoking. When Dally finally arrives, Johnny declares that he is ready to turn himself in to the police. Naturally, this shocks Dally, but on their drive back to the abandoned church, they see that it’s on fire. Even worse, some children were trapped inside of the church, unable to escape. Immediately, Johnny and Ponyboy dash in, run through flames, and throw the kids out of the church. However, Ponyboy got caught on fire and Johnny had a piece of timber crash upon his back. This causes Johnny to be in critical condition in the hospital and be disabled for the rest of his life. Johnny dies from his wounds from the fire at the end of the novel. Similarly, Lennie’s death was also caused by his own actions. He is a mentally disabled character from Of Mice and Men, who holds onto his dream of owning and being able to tend his rabbits. When Curley’s wife begins to scream after Lennie pulls on her hair too tightly, Lennie begins to shake her, ultimately breaking her neck. Lennie didn’t mean any

Analyzing And Comprehend Works Of Literature And Math

It’s hard to believe that it’s already the end of the second quarter. Half of my junior year has passed by and the AP Language Composition exam is only a short one-hundred and eighteen days away. But in the past four months, I have been able to develop the skillsets needed to analyze and comprehend works of literature and conquer the AP exam. This second quarter has definitely brought growth in my ability to analyze and comprehend literature; however, I also experienced some stagnation in my writing abilities. Throughout the second quarter, I wrote several different essays in which I was able to develop and see my writing abilities. However, as the quarter progressed, I did not see a clear development in my writing abilities. Instead, my writing abilities fluctuated up and down like a roller coaster cart going up and down the hills. At the end of the first quarter, I had slowly improved my abilities in writing rhetorical analyses. In the last rhetorical essay of the qu arter (Last Child in the Woods by Richard Louv), I was able to recognize and express the rhetorical devices that I found in the article. My explanation for the author’s purpose for a rhetorical device was clear and well worded as shown in the following sentence. â€Å"When people hear this question, they will notice how they don’t watch nature anymore and then realize how they have grown apart from it.† However, there were still lapses in my diction and prose. At some points, my prose was not as elegant as itShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Interactive Online Algebra Learning Tools1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthe observed differences were not significant enough to conclude a real difference between using interactive graphing tools and not using these tools. 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Annotated Bibliography On Climate Change - 2488 Words

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On the site, David states possible ways to help with the environment such as going carbon neutral or ways reduce on carbon emissions. Information includes detailed solutions for climate change and how to become a sustainable Earth. Article includes many different solutions such as foregoing the usage of burning fossil fuel, creating renewable sources of energy, preventing too much forestry, and building better infrastructures. All are great ways of improving the environment and making a better world to live in for the future.Show MoreRelatedClimate Change : Should We Be Worried? Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesClimate Change: Should We Be Worried? Global warming is one of the most stressed issues on mainstream media today, behind the war on terror. Although, should we be worried about it? 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Managing People and Organizations Negotiation or Mediation

Question: Describe about the Managing People and Organizations for Negotiation or Mediation. Answer: Introduction Conflicts will be solved through negotiation or mediation. Let's talk here of the conflict from the psychological perspective. Not all conflicts can or should be resolved through negotiation or mediation. For most of conflict negotiation it is usually a good settlement mechanism. Sometimes it is desirable not to let the negotiation and conflict comes to the end. Negotiation is a process whereby interested parties resolve disputes, agree on courses of action, seeking individual or collective benefits or seek to obtain results that serve their mutual interests. Conflicts can be faced with other types of mechanisms such as: The denial of the conflict (leading to a postponement of the conflict).The more spontaneous and natural tendency is domination (actually subjects too often what they seek is to dominate, subdue or overcome the contrary). Domination is often not fully aware (nor other attitudes adopted). This occurs both because society supports and premium competitiveness from psychology and must change this attitude (Armbrust, 2000). Conflict theory Conflict theory (TC) comes from the world of military strategy. The classical scholars of conflict, from Tucdedes and Sun Tzu, Machiavelli to Marx and Von Clausewitz, focused on a specific aspect of the conflict: power. These mechanisms are alternative ways to solve conflicts. Almost all things are negotiable. But there are others that are not. The negotiable: almost everything. The non-negotiable: central or held beliefs (abortion, belief in gods, is the core beliefs we identify ourselves. Rubin criticisms: there are indeed core beliefs but often the meaning has to depend on how they are addressed or express.It is absolute when the objectives are completely different when what wins it loses one another. Often it is modulated by social and cultural mechanisms (Biech, 2008). It is relative positions are perceived as antagonistic, but are not completely opposed (there are some compatible issues, which have in common). Most of the incompatibilities are relative. Desiderative thought: anchored to desire, emotional. It is not a rational thought. Perversion of the conflict: impression formation, the ultimate expression of the mystification of the formation of impressions is the self-fulfilling prophecy (the formation of impressions can create realities: a thought causes a behavior to the other which is interpreted as the first thought and returns the erroneous thinking the other in the form of behavior, confirming the first erroneous thinking. Or something like that!) (Conflicts, 2010). Cognitive reactance: the emotional reaction usually undirected cut to an individual when they perceive that their freedom is inadequate or unfairly limited. Goodness Dispute The primary connotation of the term conflict is negative. When this issue is raised there are 2 large positions: Sociological (Frankfurt School): The conflict is good, because it is the engine of social change. For Marxists conflict equal expression of change Constructive or negative attitude towards finding solutions in conflicts and negotiations No matter how the conflict works, it is important how people act. If people have a negative attitude, the conflict will be negative and if positive would be a constructive conflict. The consequences have the same problem as the cause. There is talk in terms of values and a problem to wait out, so it is difficult to intervene in a conflict. Any dispute involves a number of risks; to the extent possible be minimized. Risks and alter the channels of communication and interactions, increased perceptual distortions and prejudices, promoting polarity and hostility, self-concept and self-image, reduced sense of efficacy, decreased work motivation, in the absence cooperation; increased effort and loss of work capacity or when the conflict transcends loss of credibility of the organization and trust between users (Dahms, n.d.). Some authors speak of negative elements rather than risk conflict. Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Questionnaire This model has an advantage: a questionnaire to measure what the general attitude of the individual to the conflict is made. Measure this kind of attitude in 3 different situations: If the conflict has a superior to a subordinate or equal to it. The styles are often insufficient. These are general styles of conflict because there are so many styles of conflict and ways to address them. This point refers to the type of conflict; the next point is how to deal with conflict. Social skills related to conflict Intelligence was taken as a good predictor of the ability to solve problems. He also spoke of the existence of a factor G, because it could think there was a break between the intellectual capacity of an individual and the ability of social action. Over time the need to develop a new element had; social intelligence, emotional intelligence. Different forms of behavior can be employed skills to deal with different types of problems or conflicts. And these forms can be trained: train behavioral patterns to resolve conflicts. There is a possibility that individuals learn skills to address specific problems (identify the problem, standardize the performance, performance testing). Social skills play a key role role-playing and case analysis. Both techniques are the main approach to training.Also in the field of conflict and negotiation they have studied the social skills that best suit each case: Assertiveness It has to do with "self-affirmation". Feeling a person who claims his desires, his ideas the person manifests herself consistent. With regard to conflicts, assertive person is manifested in a resolute way, seeks to solve the problems, addressed to resolve the conflict and tends to the domination of the other party. No waiver of the interests of one, but neither attempts to pass above the other. Negotiation Way of resolving conflicts of all kinds. To negotiate must be conflict and the parties must know and analyze it. It is the most effective social skills. The processes of conflict and conflict negotiation intermingle, are not linear. (No strings like occur, first conflict and then negotiating) Unions now prefer negotiations to confrontation. The system is what we have, but what we need to do is improve it. Johari window Model It is a technique used for knowing the relationship between two or more interrelated parties within a social set up. A very important element in the negotiating power: balance / imbalance of power. In the case of imbalance, one party is more powerful than the other. This is not a negotiation as it occurs in all terms because the powerful party imposes rather than negotiate. But it does not have to, because with external pressures can be a good bargain (Davies, n.d.). For a negotiation to work well has to be a balance of power (not to be a very large imbalance). Power, often viewed from a quantitative perspective (who has more) but can also be qualitative (ability to generate a good negotiation, to influence third parties, coalitions do ...). It is the bargaining power. The power can also be rebalanced institutionally (eg. In divorce law welcomes more women because it is believed more helpless because there is work ..., the law protects women and rebalance the power in this conflict). Communication and interaction process: negotiation in this process. Thus, the negotiation falls squarely in social psychology, but also studied from the law, economics, and human resources. is an interdisciplinary event. The assumptions are that It is a peaceful process of dialogue and communication. It does not support pressures. Until they do not end the negotiation does not start. There is no negotiation under pressure. Types of negotiation intrapersonal Control: cognitive dissonance. In informal negotiation roles is given by the agents of conflict. Formally, the role of president, representatives, and consultants .There are indispensable roles (the negotiator) and there are other sides (third parties, consultants). Emotional and Social Competency Inventory (ESCI) This is a multi- rater diagnostic tool that is designed to vary and weigh the social intelligence and emotional competencies. It helps to build interrelation boundaries in conflicts and negotiations. Relationship "mixed motive": negotiator meets a role conflict. It is an antagonist of the other party; it must grant and obtain (2 reasons) things about him, to resolve the conflict: paradox negotiator. Negotiation is a voluntary process: one retires when he wants. This will give you great flexibility and the parties make a joint decision not imposed (Daft Marcic, 2014). It is not a perceptually anchored process: it is assumed that when the parties perceive that they will not give more others, but it is a perception and not know if you really would yield more other or not. A point that is often overlooked, both in business and in personal interactions, is to recognize if we are in a favorable situation for negotiation. In general, most of the situations faced by the interests of the people are resolvable through negotiation. However, on a few occasions, we find ourselves in situations that are not resolvable from the conceptual framework of a traditional negotiation (Phan Baurain, 2011). Strengths and weaknesses Conflict as an opportunity. A conflict can be an opportunity. Positive aspects of the conflict: engine of change, perceived effectiveness, new communication channels, opportunity to learn negotiation skills, opportunity to promote cohesion and group identity, opportunity to improve interpersonal perceptions, promoting recognition of different views, contribution the creation of positive values (cooperation, competition, respect, participation, etc.) Behind every conflict there is always a change. Ask whether it is good to conflicts to bring about change, presents the problem of riding a little conflict is real, and it probably is not the right approach. The first thing is to know which aspects you want to change and not all change involves conflict. In principle conflict does not invigorates if this does not change. Conflicts, when unchecked, have a tendency to increase (increasingly large and difficult to control). It is not just a quantitative increase conflict, but appears in other psychological and social phenomena that make it even more complex (Mayer, n.d.).If, however, a possible negotiation situation, our fears and distrusts make us adopt positions that we build ourselves the worst possible scenario. Therefore, mistaking a negotiating situation with conflict management is a serious mistake that we can not afford. Then we analyze the aspects that distinguish negotiation and conflict and give some guidelines to address these situations. Areas of Capabilities Distinguish between negotiation and conflict In general; the conflict word is used as a conflict of interests. In fact, it is considered to negotiation as one of the MARC's (alternative methods of dispute resolution).Let us now use the word conflict in a similar sense to that used in battles, i.e. situations where traditional negotiations would not lead to a good end result. Similarly, in business and, more commonly, in the political, ambushes occur, that is, actions that the other party does not seek an agreement, but to provoke a strong, devastating effect that put in a situation advantage and often permanently eliminate our chances (Tieleman Buelens, 2012). How to tell when we are in a negotiation situation or conflict? Normally, for a negotiation situation it is of, we need two conditions or rules: Rule gain of the parties states that negotiation is seen as a process in which all parties will win something. It is also called the rule we all win. We consider that which no one of these rules will lead to a conflict in that ambush, as we indicated before met. Conclusion The application of the theory of conflict (TC) to work or personal relationships is not without controversy. Assimilation or use of techniques that have been used by the great military strategists contains a certain aspect of violence and possibly perversion that has overshadowed this theory for many years. Only in recent years, with the award of several Nobel prizes applications conflict theory to biology or economics; they have restored the position that should have occupied this branch of knowledge. Like any other tool, CT is capable of being used for a few ethical purposes. We are going to focus on the ethical use and both useful, which is to encourage negotiations (Mayer, n.d.). When a negotiation takes place, there are many tensions affecting the negotiators. Arguments happen from one side to another and it is possible that at some point, communication degrading and reach a point of tension that makes the relationship, as we indicated in the rule of common sense, left broken and disable the way of trading. References Armbrust, W. (2000). Mass mediations. Berkeley: University of California Press. Biech, E. (2008). The Pfeiffer book of successful team-building tools. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. Conflicts. (2010). Cambridge. Daft, R. Marcic, D. (2014). Building management skills. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Dahms, H. Mediations of social life in the 21st century. Davies, S. Johari's window. Dynes, R. (2008). Instant session plans for essential life skills. Lyme Regis, Dorset: Russell House Pub. Johari window. (2012). [Place of publication not identified]. Mayer, B. The conflict paradox. Nystuen, G. (2005). Achieving peace or protecting human rights?. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Pfetsch, F. (2007). Negotiating political conflicts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Phan, L. Baurain, B. (2011). Voices, identities, negotiations, and conflicts. London: Emerald Group Pub. Phillips, B. (2001). The mediation field guide. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Tieleman, K. Buelens, M. (2012). Negotiations. Leuven: LannooCampus. Wall, J. (2008). Mediations in Cultural Spaces. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub.

Structural Features of Compare and Contrast Essay

Structural Features of Compare and Contrast Essay Persuasive essays are written to convince the target audience to share in a writer’s worldview. The writer can either decide to oppose or propose a topic. In each case, sound arguments have to be expressed to strengthen the topic. The writer has to deeply nurture understanding among readers. This is by stressing the reliability of the adopted standpoint and the unreliability of the countered standpoint. The thesis statement must also increase readers’ faith in the persuasive essay. A persuasive essay furnished with a strong thesis accomplishes the intended purpose. A strong thesis realizes the following: Gives readers a clear explanation of the essay’s key message. Ensures the essay retains rationality entirely. Below is a list of tips on writing a strong thesis for a persuasive essay. 1. Write a precise thesis A strong thesis informs readers of the purpose of the persuasive essay accurately. It adopts a thoughtful attitude in revealing arguments. The readers do not strain to understand what the writer is really talking about. A strong thesis example- online marketing has more power than traditional marketing methods because it overcomes geographical barriers in creating awareness about education opportunities in colleges. 2. Integrate an opinion A persuasive essay writing process requires expression of an authentic and sound opinion by a writer. Writers should write a thesis only if certain they have established a great opinion about the topic of concern. It is essential because a claim must be evident in the thesis. It should have the ability to be challenged by readers. Evaluating whether thesis statement has the potential to be challenged should be done. It is one way of finding out if strong thesis has been written. If it is discovered that the thesis is a mere presentation of facts that cannot be disputed, it is a sign of a weak thesis. 3. Include evidence Evidence is included to support a writer’s opinion in a thesis statement. Evidence adds weight to the thesis. It displays a writer’s wealth of information about the topic of discussion. When evidence is used, it is less difficult for a writer to persuade readers to accept his standpoint. The reader develop confidence in the topic which is sustained until the end. Sometimes a thesis can involve advancing an argument that readers are not conversant with. To maintain its credibility, evidence can be included and the claim made afterwards. Highlight the evidence first increases awareness among readers. They are able to establish to connect with the essay. 4. Address the why and how questions This is one technique of writing a strong thesis. It makes a thesis focused and practical. Failure to address either of these questions destabilizes the power of a thesis. The earlier example about online marketing and traditional marketing given in point number meets this requirement. It explains why online marketing is effective in contrast to the old-style marketing. The supremacy of a persuasive essay is not determined by how many arguments are advanced. It is the writing style that strengthens the arguments. One determinant that boosts the writing style is a well written thesis statement as explained in the aforementioned tips. Writers should continuously employ the tips to sway the mode of thinking of readers towards their perceptions.

How Jane Eyre and Shirley Valentine achieve independence Essay Example

How Jane Eyre and Shirley Valentine achieve independence Essay Example How Jane Eyre and Shirley Valentine achieve independence Paper How Jane Eyre and Shirley Valentine achieve independence Paper Essay Topic: Jane Eyre Literature Jane Eyre begins with Janes childhood and how she treated by the Reed family she lives with. She is bullied by Master John Reed and not treated with any respect or kindness by the older members of the household. Shirley Valentine has in a way a similar life but it starts much later in her lifetime: She is middle aged and married and feels not so much neglected but unappreciated by her husband and children (whom have grown up and left home). Then probably the most important part of each text is when the two characters take on a big change. For Jane it is when she is being bullied by Master Reed and is wrongly punished when she fights back which shows that she is not highly regarded in the household. She is punished by being locked in the red room and instead of just taking the punishment she fights and shouts at her captors. To further prove this was not normal behavior by Jane, Bessie (a housemaid) says she never did so beforecpt8 which miss Abbot replies But it was always in hercpt8. This last statement shows that this anger Jane suddenly let loose had been obvious to the staff in the house and was probably due to the behavior of Master Reed and other members towards her. This kind of behavior by Jane was showing an outside change in Charlottes world as the suffragettes were starting to make a change to society, as a few years before this kind of outburst by young women would never have been seen and definitely not tolerated. So I think this was a way for Charlotte Bronte to show that the world was changing and this was not a classic gothic novel of which we see evidence later in the text. So this was a new style of writing and was to change the way women were written about in books and even thought of in society. Shirley Valentine is looking back on her life when her biggest change in character appears. She looks back on her life when she and her husband Joe had just moved into their house, they were happy and Joe spent a lot of time at home with her and they were having fun. As the text turns back to the future it shows that Joes is working more and their lives have got into a rut and routine. Shirley thinks back again to a girl she met at school who was the opposite to Shirley at school; she tried at school and was well behaved while Shirley felt she just wasted her time at school. Its clear at the end of this section in the text she wishes she was in her school friends position now and thinks she would be living a more exciting and forfilling life. The exact time of Shirleys outbreak is when she brings home a steak for Joes dinner (which must be the same every week) and she feeds it to the dog next door, which Shirley feels is being neglected. When Joe comes home he gets angry with Shirley because she gave away his steak. Under all this Shirleys friend has offered her a trip to Greece which Shirley has not told Joe about. When Joe gets angry that evening she tells him and she shouts back at Joe, he almost convinces her its a stupid idea. Until she meets up with her school friend who is now a prostitute and tells Shirley to go, as does Shirleys neighbor who is very refined and quiet but seems to admire Shirley for leaving. The next day she left and had gone to Greece. Shirley left for Greece to escape from being a mother, as her daughter had just returned home from living away and was already treating Shirley like a slave, she also escaped Joe and the routine she had got into with him. In a way I think she was trying to be young again, which is unlike Jane, as Jane seems to want to grow up quickly. I dont think that Joe is entirely to blame for Shirleys change. It was written in the 1980s and this was a time when people were working harder and for longer hours than ever before. And the roles of couples at home were changing round and more women wanted to travel and see more of life as they had more time and money to do so. Going back to the Jane Eyre text Jane changed again when she met her friend Helen Burns at Lowood (an orphanage Jane is sent to by the Reed family). Which she is moved to, whom is thought to be the figure of Charlotte Brontes own older sister, Maria. Jane also becomes befriended with a young teacher at her school (Miss Evans). Together Helen and Miss Evans teach Jane to be a lot calmer and to change her pent up anger into passion, which would get Jane into less trouble. Miss Evans also shows a kindness Jane has never really had before and Jane sees that it is possible to have a friendship and mutual respect for people, like Jane has with Helen before Helen dies. Later on in Janes life she meets a man she has begun to work (Rochester) for and a relationship forms between them which I feel would not of happened if Jane had not had the guidance from her friends Helen and Miss Evans, as Rochester is very much as Jane was, and he too was in need of changing. This is similar for Shirley. While on holiday she meets a local man named Costas whom she has a relationship and she falls in love with the life she has now found and is not necessarily in love with Costas but just the thought that she is living. The end of this all comes when Shirley has to leave Greece as its the end of her holiday. Shirley decides to stay. Jane however end this part of her life and her relationship when she is to be married to Rochester who I think she has fallen in love with but still has doubts. When she is told that Rochester is already married, and his wife is mentally ill and she lives in the attic of his house. Instead of staying with Rochester Jane leaves and turns down a marriage of convenience to her cousin, St. John. Which is very similar to Shirley as Shirley decides not to go home and when she finds Costas in a bar with another woman and it is clear he is trying to woo her the same way he did to Shirley she is not bothered, she had turned down trying to be with Costas and Shirley phones her husband and asks him over to Greece to see her. I think that this experience has changed Joe, maybe he will appreciate Shirley more and they could have a better marriage. I think Shirley has now earned independence, instead of waiting on Joe and her children Joe now has to go to Shirley or risk loosing her. Shirley also has nobody she would rather be and is content with who she is and what she is doing. When Rochesters wife burns down his house and dies. Jane returns to him, now blind they then are together when she now leads him and she has independence and prowess over him. She had ignored any attempt of seduction from Rochester before his accident and she had refused a convenient marriage. She had also learned to forgive as when she went back to see the dying Mrs. Reed, when previously Jane had sworn never to return to her house and told Mrs. Reed: I will never call you an aunt again o long as I live. I will never come to see you when I am grown upcpt4 The fact that she did come back is the biggest sign of Janes change into an independent woman who is not ruled by her anger or overpowering family, lovers of friends. Jane was now independent. The texts have before seen as feminist text where both women are fighting against men in their lives and escaping control and traditional womens roles in society. For Shirley it was escape from a bored marriage and the home which she is practically a cleaner and cook. For Jane it was showing she was stronger in will than the men in her life and the text was not to be a traditional gothic novel in which, the heroine was usually saved by a man, unlike Jane who saved herself from abusive men (Such as Mr. Brockelhurst of her school who was a crushing force on the participants of the school) and Master Reed. Jane was also seen as romantic, but I dont think is. Jane is more independent than reliant on a partner whom she could easily of left and not married and I feel she might not be entirely happy or in love with Rochester due to the way they came together through tragedy and misfortune. To get across each story was done very differently. In Shirley Valentine, Shirley talks directly to the audience/reader but shown that she is talking to a wall which shows she is lonely and is a good way of reaching the audience and really getting a full show of thought and emotion. In Jane Eyre, Jane her life is observed and doesnt tell you her inner thoughts and views, but does give more room for speculation of how Jane feels about the people she encounters. I think that both characters value their independence most of all as they went so far to find. I also think they have similar views on the world around them and they both appreciate life more and can better now their lives have improved so much. A big difference in the style of these text is that it is a lot easier to relate to Shirley as she uses simple and modern language and its easier to follow her life and not get lost in complicated text. Although Shirley Valentine does go from present too past often and can be confusing to tell which is past or present. Though Janes life is chronological years are skipped forward between one chapter and another and so can again be confusing, especially when the text in Jane Eyre is decadent and almost unrealistic, and a lot of text maybe unnecessary. These differences tell us a lot about each character. Shirley is more down to earth and has a working class attitude and a strong accent which people can relate too. Jane sounds too had a wealthier upbringing and uses old language, which can set many readers out of touch with the character.