Sunday, May 24, 2020

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 1485 Words

The Connectivity of Death Death is inevitable. However, death arrives to people at different stages of their lives. Death is one thing that all people have in common; even books are connected because of the different deaths occurring in them. In S.E. Hinton’s The Outsiders, there are three major deaths occurring in the novel: Bob, Johnny, and Dally. Similarly, in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, there are also three major deaths: Candy’s dog, Curley’s wife, and Lennie. The Outsiders is a story depicting the life of Ponyboy Curtis, who is struggling to find his place in the world while battling the rival group, the Socs. Of Mice and Men is a story of two migrant workers, George and Lennie, who are bound together and share the dream of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I had to. They were drowning you, Pony. They might have killed you. And they had a blade...they were gonna beat me up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 57 Outsiders) Johnny and Ponyboy flee from town after Johnny commits murder, leading to Johnny’s. Johnny and Ponyboy hide in an abandoned church in Windrixville for 5 days, entertaining themselves by playing poker, reading, and smoking. When Dally finally arrives, Johnny declares that he is ready to turn himself in to the police. Naturally, this shocks Dally, but on their drive back to the abandoned church, they see that it’s on fire. Even worse, some children were trapped inside of the church, unable to escape. Immediately, Johnny and Ponyboy dash in, run through flames, and throw the kids out of the church. However, Ponyboy got caught on fire and Johnny had a piece of timber crash upon his back. This causes Johnny to be in critical condition in the hospital and be disabled for the rest of his life. Johnny dies from his wounds from the fire at the end of the novel. Similarly, Lennie’s death was also caused by his own actions. He is a mentally disabled character from Of Mice and Men, who holds onto his dream of owning and being able to tend his rabbits. When Curley’s wife begins to scream after Lennie pulls on her hair too tightly, Lennie begins to shake her, ultimately breaking her neck. Lennie didn’t mean any

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Analyzing And Comprehend Works Of Literature And Math

It’s hard to believe that it’s already the end of the second quarter. Half of my junior year has passed by and the AP Language Composition exam is only a short one-hundred and eighteen days away. But in the past four months, I have been able to develop the skillsets needed to analyze and comprehend works of literature and conquer the AP exam. This second quarter has definitely brought growth in my ability to analyze and comprehend literature; however, I also experienced some stagnation in my writing abilities. Throughout the second quarter, I wrote several different essays in which I was able to develop and see my writing abilities. However, as the quarter progressed, I did not see a clear development in my writing abilities. Instead, my writing abilities fluctuated up and down like a roller coaster cart going up and down the hills. At the end of the first quarter, I had slowly improved my abilities in writing rhetorical analyses. In the last rhetorical essay of the qu arter (Last Child in the Woods by Richard Louv), I was able to recognize and express the rhetorical devices that I found in the article. My explanation for the author’s purpose for a rhetorical device was clear and well worded as shown in the following sentence. â€Å"When people hear this question, they will notice how they don’t watch nature anymore and then realize how they have grown apart from it.† However, there were still lapses in my diction and prose. At some points, my prose was not as elegant as itShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Interactive Online Algebra Learning Tools1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthe observed differences were not significant enough to conclude a real difference between using interactive graphing tools and not using these tools. To be honest, the discussion of the data obtained from the study is difficult to follow and comprehend because of the terminology used such as â€Å"skewness and kurtosis values,† â€Å"negatively skewed and leptokurtic,† and â€Å"ANOVA using the Type III SS set.† Aside from the research that I did to understand the terminology, I also found that the graphs andRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511113 Words   |  5 Pagesstruggle and hardship. Montag attempts to read books and see what they really mean, but he struggles to comprehend it to due to the lack of literature all his life. This is a perfect representation of how true learning needs the path of sufferance and acknowledgement to truly understand. This is similar to my own experience last year in my Algebra 1 class. It was a relatively a different class than math 8 and I was struggling due to the difficult content. However, after going through the struggle of stayingRead More Philosophy Ess ay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesperforming science experiments, students are more apt to excel when involved in learning experiences that allow them to put their interests and skills to work. Once a teacher realizes the interests and aptitudes of a student, she should encourage her to pursue them while continuing to stress the importance of basic subjects such as reading, writing, and math. I believe this scenario forms a solid foundation for a well-rounded person. The world we live in today is relative--knowledge is ever growingRead MoreA Teacher s Pedagogic Creed1608 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents; it seems like they play an active role in their students learning by finding a balance between developing a relationship with students but also not getting too involved with students lives. Through this style students proceed to do course work and then the teacher incorporates activities that encourage a students performance directly. The student’s have an active engagement in the classroom by social interactions and problem solving. When incorporated students also take an effective partRead MoreEssay on Being Unprepared for Adult Learning1693 Words   |  7 Pagessome of its students by not teaching them the correct set of models that will employ to be successful at the collegiate level. Completing some assignments may be difficult for the aforementioned student because they lack skills in rhetorically analyzing and critically thinking. Skills like these play a huge role in the adult education world. For example, we’ll use these skills to complete classes with satisfactory grades, then continue to use these skills after we graduate and move into the workingRead MoreTeaching Methods : Banking And Problem Posing1580 Words   |  7 Pagesof personal experience. There are many reasons why Freire claims that problem-posing is the better of the two. The problem-posing technique, which is a liberating education, overall helps not only the students, but the teachers as well, because they work together. Since problem-posing is a liberating education, it acts as cognition, not just the idea of â€Å"depositing† the information into students (Freire, 1993). In the Pedagogy of the Oppressed, it stated that the teacher-student and the student-teacherRead MoreEffectiveness Of Interactive Online Algebra Learning Tools1693 Words   |  7 Pagesthe observed differences were not significant enough to conclude a real difference between using interactive graphing tools and not using these tools. To be honest, the discussion of the data obtained from the study is difficult to follow and comprehend because of terminology used such as â€Å"skewness and kurtosis values,† â€Å"negatively skewed and leptokurtic,† and â€Å"ANOVA using the Type III SS set.† Aside from the research that I did in order to understand the terminology, I did find that the graphsRead MoreComputer Science Is Not A Basic Complexity1808 Words   |  8 Pagesand math classes have increased in the past 20 years, the number of students enrolled in computer science has actually decreased. This can be attributed to the neglect exhibited by schools on computer science. In these 20 years, 1 billion computers have been built which makes computer science â€Å"integrated†: so baked into human life that it is not surprising to encounter, with social, technological, and futuristic aspects of the world. Unlike other integrated disciplines such as English or math, computerRead MoreAre Tee ns Magazines Be Considered As Academic Writings?1819 Words   |  8 Pagesperson view. Therefore, the strengths of the arguments are stated assertively, using language that is impersonal, not aggressive or indifferent. Diction refers to the choice of words an author uses and is heavily considered when writing a scholarly work. Awareness of the words used in the paper is vital in an academic writing because words that have almost the same denotation, a dictionary definition, can have unalike connotations, a slang definition. This is true in academic writing because wordsRead MoreMeta-Cognitive Process1794 Words   |  8 PagesCognitive strategies are the basic mental abilities we use to think, study, and learn (e.g., recalling information from memory, analyzing sounds and images, making associations between or comparing/ contrasting different pieces of information, and making inferences or interpreting text). They help an individual achieve a particular goal, such as comprehending text or solving a math problem, and they can be individually identified and measured. In contrast, metacognitive strategies are used to ensure that

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Annotated Bibliography On Climate Change - 2488 Words

Annotated bibliography issue 1: Climate Change in Canada 1.Working together to fight Climate Change. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2016, from http://climatechange.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En Information from the Canadian Government website explains some factual information about what climate change is and how it is affecting Canada. From the website, it highlights some key information and basically explains what climate change is. It explains the causes and impacts of climate change and possible solutions to help the environment. On David Suzuki’s website, it explains in detail what climate change is and how it occurs through the burning of fossil fuels and cutting down trees. On his website, it has many great articles on different types of environmental issues. The website talks about what the impacts of climate change and how it would affect everyone all over the world through droughts and heavy rain and other types of extreme weather events. On the site, David states possible ways to help with the environment such as going carbon neutral or ways reduce on carbon emissions. Information includes detailed solutions for climate change and how to become a sustainable Earth. Article includes many different solutions such as foregoing the usage of burning fossil fuel, creating renewable sources of energy, preventing too much forestry, and building better infrastructures. All are great ways of improving the environment and making a better world to live in for the future.Show MoreRelatedClimate Change : Should We Be Worried? Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesClimate Change: Should We Be Worried? Global warming is one of the most stressed issues on mainstream media today, behind the war on terror. Although, should we be worried about it? In this annotated bibliography, the sources consider plenty of information about climate, such as, how it affects the earth, possible solutions to the energy problem, and proof that global warming is happening and that it is caused by an excess of CO2 in the atmosphere. For solutions to the problem the sources contemplateRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography on Global Warming1303 Words   |  6 PagesGiacomo Real ENG 1302 Comp. amp; Rhet. II Professor Kamm Monday amp; Wednesday 7PM – 8:15PM Annotated Bibliography amp; Essay Annotated Bibliography on Global Warming: Fact or Fiction Fumento, Michael. â€Å"The Cooling Off on Global Warming.† The Washington Times 8 July 1999: 15. LexisNexis Academic . Academic Universe. W. I. Dykes Lib., University of Houston-Downtown. 20 Feb. 2010 http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.uhd.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/ Fumento explains that a nonprofit groupRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Globe888 Words   |  4 Pagescould affect everyone on the globe. I wanted to know the reasons behind it, so I began the research process questioning if we know enough about climate change to put geoengineering techniques into play. The research process has not only given me time to learn more about a subject I find so important, but I have gained much more knowledge about climate change in general, and the experience has taught me how to critically look at opposing sides to a topic just as intently as I would my own view. InRead MoreGlobal Warming s Terrifying New Math1151 Words   |  5 Pagesaccording to the statistics, Canada surpassed the global record high for climate temperature, destroying other previous records. Despite the research and the displaying of data, no one is doing anything to address the issue. McKibben takes three distinctive numbers that shed light on this issue 2 degrees Celsius, 565 gigatons, and 2795 gigatons, to validate and support his argument. Firstly, the ongoing problem of climate change in our planet is fundamentally a matter of individual moral responsibilityRead MoreNew Zealand s Brand And Marketing Campaign Essay730 Words   |  3 Pageslearned that it is located in Oceana around Lat: 43 °31 55.40S, Lon: 172 °38 10.41, with average temperatures ranging from the 50’s to the mid 70’s Fahrenheit. The colliding Australian and Pacific plates create the unique features of the Islands. The climate and fertile lands made these islands ripe for settlement. Prior to the arrival of the European settlers around 1800, the first settlers, the MÄ ori, had lived on the islands for approximately 1000 years. It is believed that the MÄ ori descended fromRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Environment1311 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Global warming refers to an incremental in earth’s temperature. Some believes this is occurring naturally but the prevailing view attributes climate change to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect refers to the warming resulting from certain gases such as carbon dioxide in Earth s atmosphere trapping heat. These gases traps heat but let light in, similarly to the glass walls of a greenhouse. The general belief is that mankind are chiefly responsible for global warming becauseRead MoreSummary : Water Scarcity And The Recognition Of The Human Right Safe Freshwater 1403 Words   |  6 Pages Professor Menton English 1 19 November 2015 Annotated Bibliography Type of Source: 13. Basic format for an article or other short work c. Database, 477 Curry, Elliot. â€Å"Water Scarcity and the Recognition of the Human Right to Safe Freshwater.† Journal of International Human Rights 9.1 (2010): 103-121. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. Summary: Elliot Curry, a 2011 Juris Doctor candidate at the Northwestern University School of Law, notes that the western world is doing a great job atRead MoreThe Meat Industry And Dietary Recommendations873 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliographies Ferdman A. Roberto. â€Å"The Meat Industry worst Nightmare could become reality.† The Washington Post. Washington Post. 7, Jan. 2015. Web. 20, Oct. 2015. http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/01/07/why-the-governments-new-dietary-guidelines-could-be-a-nightmare-for-the-meat-industry/ In The Washington Post, â€Å"The Meat Industry worst nightmare could become reality,† Roberto A. Ferdman, a reporter, acknowledges that meat production causes high amounts of carbonRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Epidemiology, Aetiology And Pathophysiology Of Ross River Virus2259 Words   |  10 Pages Annotated Bibliography Prepared for Alannah Brown Course Coordinator Paramedic Clinical Foundations Prepared by Jessica Watson University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland, Australia September 2014 Word count: 2161 This annotated bibliography discusses the epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology of Ross River Virus. The research method that was undertaken was through the University of the Sunshine Coast library, using a range of databases and journals. The years in whichRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On How Uniform Policy Swept U.s.919 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Chandler, M. A. (2015, Oct 01). No uniform policy on what to wear. Washington Post Retrieved from http://sks.sirs.com.nauproxy01.national.edu In the Washington Post newspaper article stated the claim of how uniform policy swept U.S. in the school year of 2011-2012 to improve academics for the lacking students. Chandler says that according to federal data 20 percent of school districts made it necessary for students to wear uniforms. The uniform take-over caught the attention

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Managing People and Organizations Negotiation or Mediation

Question: Describe about the Managing People and Organizations for Negotiation or Mediation. Answer: Introduction Conflicts will be solved through negotiation or mediation. Let's talk here of the conflict from the psychological perspective. Not all conflicts can or should be resolved through negotiation or mediation. For most of conflict negotiation it is usually a good settlement mechanism. Sometimes it is desirable not to let the negotiation and conflict comes to the end. Negotiation is a process whereby interested parties resolve disputes, agree on courses of action, seeking individual or collective benefits or seek to obtain results that serve their mutual interests. Conflicts can be faced with other types of mechanisms such as: The denial of the conflict (leading to a postponement of the conflict).The more spontaneous and natural tendency is domination (actually subjects too often what they seek is to dominate, subdue or overcome the contrary). Domination is often not fully aware (nor other attitudes adopted). This occurs both because society supports and premium competitiveness from psychology and must change this attitude (Armbrust, 2000). Conflict theory Conflict theory (TC) comes from the world of military strategy. The classical scholars of conflict, from Tucdedes and Sun Tzu, Machiavelli to Marx and Von Clausewitz, focused on a specific aspect of the conflict: power. These mechanisms are alternative ways to solve conflicts. Almost all things are negotiable. But there are others that are not. The negotiable: almost everything. The non-negotiable: central or held beliefs (abortion, belief in gods, is the core beliefs we identify ourselves. Rubin criticisms: there are indeed core beliefs but often the meaning has to depend on how they are addressed or express.It is absolute when the objectives are completely different when what wins it loses one another. Often it is modulated by social and cultural mechanisms (Biech, 2008). It is relative positions are perceived as antagonistic, but are not completely opposed (there are some compatible issues, which have in common). Most of the incompatibilities are relative. Desiderative thought: anchored to desire, emotional. It is not a rational thought. Perversion of the conflict: impression formation, the ultimate expression of the mystification of the formation of impressions is the self-fulfilling prophecy (the formation of impressions can create realities: a thought causes a behavior to the other which is interpreted as the first thought and returns the erroneous thinking the other in the form of behavior, confirming the first erroneous thinking. Or something like that!) (Conflicts, 2010). Cognitive reactance: the emotional reaction usually undirected cut to an individual when they perceive that their freedom is inadequate or unfairly limited. Goodness Dispute The primary connotation of the term conflict is negative. When this issue is raised there are 2 large positions: Sociological (Frankfurt School): The conflict is good, because it is the engine of social change. For Marxists conflict equal expression of change Constructive or negative attitude towards finding solutions in conflicts and negotiations No matter how the conflict works, it is important how people act. If people have a negative attitude, the conflict will be negative and if positive would be a constructive conflict. The consequences have the same problem as the cause. There is talk in terms of values and a problem to wait out, so it is difficult to intervene in a conflict. Any dispute involves a number of risks; to the extent possible be minimized. Risks and alter the channels of communication and interactions, increased perceptual distortions and prejudices, promoting polarity and hostility, self-concept and self-image, reduced sense of efficacy, decreased work motivation, in the absence cooperation; increased effort and loss of work capacity or when the conflict transcends loss of credibility of the organization and trust between users (Dahms, n.d.). Some authors speak of negative elements rather than risk conflict. Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Questionnaire This model has an advantage: a questionnaire to measure what the general attitude of the individual to the conflict is made. Measure this kind of attitude in 3 different situations: If the conflict has a superior to a subordinate or equal to it. The styles are often insufficient. These are general styles of conflict because there are so many styles of conflict and ways to address them. This point refers to the type of conflict; the next point is how to deal with conflict. Social skills related to conflict Intelligence was taken as a good predictor of the ability to solve problems. He also spoke of the existence of a factor G, because it could think there was a break between the intellectual capacity of an individual and the ability of social action. Over time the need to develop a new element had; social intelligence, emotional intelligence. Different forms of behavior can be employed skills to deal with different types of problems or conflicts. And these forms can be trained: train behavioral patterns to resolve conflicts. There is a possibility that individuals learn skills to address specific problems (identify the problem, standardize the performance, performance testing). Social skills play a key role role-playing and case analysis. Both techniques are the main approach to training.Also in the field of conflict and negotiation they have studied the social skills that best suit each case: Assertiveness It has to do with "self-affirmation". Feeling a person who claims his desires, his ideas the person manifests herself consistent. With regard to conflicts, assertive person is manifested in a resolute way, seeks to solve the problems, addressed to resolve the conflict and tends to the domination of the other party. No waiver of the interests of one, but neither attempts to pass above the other. Negotiation Way of resolving conflicts of all kinds. To negotiate must be conflict and the parties must know and analyze it. It is the most effective social skills. The processes of conflict and conflict negotiation intermingle, are not linear. (No strings like occur, first conflict and then negotiating) Unions now prefer negotiations to confrontation. The system is what we have, but what we need to do is improve it. Johari window Model It is a technique used for knowing the relationship between two or more interrelated parties within a social set up. A very important element in the negotiating power: balance / imbalance of power. In the case of imbalance, one party is more powerful than the other. This is not a negotiation as it occurs in all terms because the powerful party imposes rather than negotiate. But it does not have to, because with external pressures can be a good bargain (Davies, n.d.). For a negotiation to work well has to be a balance of power (not to be a very large imbalance). Power, often viewed from a quantitative perspective (who has more) but can also be qualitative (ability to generate a good negotiation, to influence third parties, coalitions do ...). It is the bargaining power. The power can also be rebalanced institutionally (eg. In divorce law welcomes more women because it is believed more helpless because there is work ..., the law protects women and rebalance the power in this conflict). Communication and interaction process: negotiation in this process. Thus, the negotiation falls squarely in social psychology, but also studied from the law, economics, and human resources. is an interdisciplinary event. The assumptions are that It is a peaceful process of dialogue and communication. It does not support pressures. Until they do not end the negotiation does not start. There is no negotiation under pressure. Types of negotiation intrapersonal Control: cognitive dissonance. In informal negotiation roles is given by the agents of conflict. Formally, the role of president, representatives, and consultants .There are indispensable roles (the negotiator) and there are other sides (third parties, consultants). Emotional and Social Competency Inventory (ESCI) This is a multi- rater diagnostic tool that is designed to vary and weigh the social intelligence and emotional competencies. It helps to build interrelation boundaries in conflicts and negotiations. Relationship "mixed motive": negotiator meets a role conflict. It is an antagonist of the other party; it must grant and obtain (2 reasons) things about him, to resolve the conflict: paradox negotiator. Negotiation is a voluntary process: one retires when he wants. This will give you great flexibility and the parties make a joint decision not imposed (Daft Marcic, 2014). It is not a perceptually anchored process: it is assumed that when the parties perceive that they will not give more others, but it is a perception and not know if you really would yield more other or not. A point that is often overlooked, both in business and in personal interactions, is to recognize if we are in a favorable situation for negotiation. In general, most of the situations faced by the interests of the people are resolvable through negotiation. However, on a few occasions, we find ourselves in situations that are not resolvable from the conceptual framework of a traditional negotiation (Phan Baurain, 2011). Strengths and weaknesses Conflict as an opportunity. A conflict can be an opportunity. Positive aspects of the conflict: engine of change, perceived effectiveness, new communication channels, opportunity to learn negotiation skills, opportunity to promote cohesion and group identity, opportunity to improve interpersonal perceptions, promoting recognition of different views, contribution the creation of positive values (cooperation, competition, respect, participation, etc.) Behind every conflict there is always a change. Ask whether it is good to conflicts to bring about change, presents the problem of riding a little conflict is real, and it probably is not the right approach. The first thing is to know which aspects you want to change and not all change involves conflict. In principle conflict does not invigorates if this does not change. Conflicts, when unchecked, have a tendency to increase (increasingly large and difficult to control). It is not just a quantitative increase conflict, but appears in other psychological and social phenomena that make it even more complex (Mayer, n.d.).If, however, a possible negotiation situation, our fears and distrusts make us adopt positions that we build ourselves the worst possible scenario. Therefore, mistaking a negotiating situation with conflict management is a serious mistake that we can not afford. Then we analyze the aspects that distinguish negotiation and conflict and give some guidelines to address these situations. Areas of Capabilities Distinguish between negotiation and conflict In general; the conflict word is used as a conflict of interests. In fact, it is considered to negotiation as one of the MARC's (alternative methods of dispute resolution).Let us now use the word conflict in a similar sense to that used in battles, i.e. situations where traditional negotiations would not lead to a good end result. Similarly, in business and, more commonly, in the political, ambushes occur, that is, actions that the other party does not seek an agreement, but to provoke a strong, devastating effect that put in a situation advantage and often permanently eliminate our chances (Tieleman Buelens, 2012). How to tell when we are in a negotiation situation or conflict? Normally, for a negotiation situation it is of, we need two conditions or rules: Rule gain of the parties states that negotiation is seen as a process in which all parties will win something. It is also called the rule we all win. We consider that which no one of these rules will lead to a conflict in that ambush, as we indicated before met. Conclusion The application of the theory of conflict (TC) to work or personal relationships is not without controversy. Assimilation or use of techniques that have been used by the great military strategists contains a certain aspect of violence and possibly perversion that has overshadowed this theory for many years. Only in recent years, with the award of several Nobel prizes applications conflict theory to biology or economics; they have restored the position that should have occupied this branch of knowledge. Like any other tool, CT is capable of being used for a few ethical purposes. We are going to focus on the ethical use and both useful, which is to encourage negotiations (Mayer, n.d.). When a negotiation takes place, there are many tensions affecting the negotiators. Arguments happen from one side to another and it is possible that at some point, communication degrading and reach a point of tension that makes the relationship, as we indicated in the rule of common sense, left broken and disable the way of trading. References Armbrust, W. (2000). Mass mediations. Berkeley: University of California Press. Biech, E. (2008). The Pfeiffer book of successful team-building tools. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. Conflicts. (2010). Cambridge. Daft, R. Marcic, D. (2014). Building management skills. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Dahms, H. Mediations of social life in the 21st century. Davies, S. Johari's window. Dynes, R. (2008). Instant session plans for essential life skills. Lyme Regis, Dorset: Russell House Pub. Johari window. (2012). [Place of publication not identified]. Mayer, B. The conflict paradox. Nystuen, G. (2005). Achieving peace or protecting human rights?. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Pfetsch, F. (2007). Negotiating political conflicts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Phan, L. Baurain, B. (2011). Voices, identities, negotiations, and conflicts. London: Emerald Group Pub. Phillips, B. (2001). The mediation field guide. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Tieleman, K. Buelens, M. (2012). Negotiations. Leuven: LannooCampus. Wall, J. (2008). Mediations in Cultural Spaces. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub.